Solar power is not "free power" as most people believe. For starters, it takes a large amount of energy just to fabricate the cells in the first place. Eventually, over their lifetime, the cells collect enough energy to pay back the cost of making them.
Also, solar power requires a lot of space if you are to get any truly significant amount of energy from it. There is only about 1Kwatt of power / square meter available in sunlight at the surface of the Earth in lower latitudes.
The 48 contiguous US states consumed about 2.045 Gigawatts of power per day in 2005. If you had 100%-efficient solar cells, you would have to collect the sunlight of 2045 square kilometers. That is about 790 square miles. Today's most efficient production solar cells are about 30% efficient, so let's divide that by 0.3 --> 2630 square miles. Now let's say that we could get 8hrs of full capacity production from these pannels, that means multiply it by another 3 times --> 7900 square miles.
This would be a square 88.9 miles on a side of pure solar cell - a lot wider actually, considering the space required by the electrical circuitry between each cell...
I haven't read any studies about this, but I feel like if we were to set up such a behemoth, that there would be an invironmental impact. Consider that you're taking 746 gigawatts of power per year out of the ecosystem. That's energy that affects things like the weather, the water cycle, the mean global temperature, etc. I think this would probably be enough of a drain on the natural cycle of things that we'd be changing the climate in some way. By comparison, we emit a pretty small amount of volume of pollutants compared to the total volume of the atmosphere, and look what it does to the balance.
I'm a big believer in the need to find alternate energy sources. But the more I look at solar power, the less I see it as the replacement of current energy sources. It can be a very viable suppliment, but it is obviously not the answer to total replacement. Even if we had the magic 100% efficient cells and reduced the land area of the solar collector to just under 800 square miles, we'd still be directly leeching the nearly 800 gigawatts of energy from the environment each year, which I feel could be enough to harmfully tip the balance.
Remember, there's no free lunch in thermodynamics. It's got to come from somewhere, and solar pannels would be intercepting what would normally be going to the earth and taking it for human consumption.